Introduction
We live in a world that is characterized by changes from political change to economic change, climatic change, educational change and social change. Interestingly, each change comes with transformation of society depending on how the change is managed. Each change emerges as either a threat or opportunity to the business environment. Hence our business environment is as erratic and turbulent as the political environments in the developing countries due to constant change in polity and the resulting change in policy.
Business is simply an organization of people and material resources involved in buying, producing and selling of goods and services. Normally a business will go through the process of birth, growth, stabilisation, decline and death. Several factors including human skills do contribute and determine the success or failure of a business. But failure signals decline and eventual death. Therefore no business organization would want to experience a decline let alone death hence intensive effort is made to arrest and manage any un-progressive change effects in the business operations. Business includes all profit oriented ventures such as banking, manufacturing, importation, distribution, telecommunication and other servicing industries.
Economic reforms evolve from the realization that the functioning and survival
of businesses is critically significant for the stability, progress and continued prosperity of both the industrialised and the developing societies. There is therefore every need for businesses to adopt necessary strategies in response to critical change(s) in the society in order to guarantee the continual existence of such businesses. Either from a position of equal or unequal strength, a business could decide to acquire or merger with an existing business, thus giving birth to a stronger, bigger and more profitable outfit. A business that is interested in external growth could achieve that through strategic acquisition. Thus mergers and acquisitions have vital role to play in the survival strategies for businesses.
The role of merger and acquisition as a survival strategy for businesses cannot be overemphasized and have not been fully exploited. There have been few cases in the Nigeria business environment in recent times. These included the acquisition of Magnum Trust Bank by Guaranty Trust Bank; Citi Trust Merchant Bank(now UBN Merchant Bank) by Union Bank Plc; Equity Nigeria Bank Limited by Intercontinental Bank; and African International Bank Limited and Citizens International Bank by Diamond Bank. The acquisition of Continental Trust Bank by Standard Trust Bank is unique in that the acquisition was executed as a distress resolution option. Mergers and Acquisitions are not completely alien to the Nigeria economy or Nigeria Banking Industry. There was also the merger between the West African Soap Company and Van der Berg Limited which resulted in the formation of lever Brothers Nigeria Limited(now Unilever ltd) in 1926, the company grew and operated until 1930 when it merger with a Dutch company Margarine unie to form Unilever Limited. The Unilever Limited later acquired Lipton Nigeria Ltd and A.J. Seward(a division of UAC) in 1984. As a result of these, Unilever in 2003 emerged the world’s third largest food group after Nestle and Kraft with high turnover rate, high sales rate and wider expansion into untapped areas.
There was also a popular acquisition of companies in 2005 by Transnational corporation popularly known as Transcorp. Transcorp a conglomerate Nigerian company with the mission of competing with multinational companies went into the acquisitions of Nigeria Nicon Norga hotel, Nigeria Telecommunications (Nitel) and MTEL during the Nigeria Privatisation exercise when distressed Nigeria companies were sold by the Nigeria Federal Government to the public including privately owned companies.
| Project details | Contents |
|---|---|
| Number of Pages | 90 pages |
| Chapter one | Introduction |
| Chapter two | Literature review |
| Chapter three | methodology |
| Chapter four | Data analysis |
| Chapter five | Summary,discussion & recommendations |
| Reference | Reference |
| Questionnaire | Questionnaire |
| Appendix | Appendix |
| Chapter summary | 1 to 5 chapters |
| Available document | PDF and MS-word format |
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