CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1.0 BACKGROUND
The most popular type of Highway Bridge in service is the concrete deck on steel-girder Bridge (Fu and Lu, 2003; Cao and Shing, 1999; Mabsout et; al., 1997). However, this type of concrete bridge were not economical for long spans because of the rapid increase in the ratio of dead to total design load as the span lengths increased and so the box girder bridge, with hollow sections, was developed as a solution to the problem. Box girder bridges are common in the western world especially California [Scordelis, 1967; Song et., al 2003]. For instance 3100 reinforced concrete box girder bridges were designed and built in California between 1937 and 1977 [Degenkolb, 1977].
A box girder bridge is a particular case of a folded-plate structure in which the plates are arranged so as to form a closed section [Rockey et. al., 1983; Dong and Sause, 2010]. Box girder configurations may take the form of single cell (one box), multispine (separate boxes), or multicell (contiguous boxes or cellular shape) with common flange [Sennah and Kennedy, 2001; Davidson et. al., 2004]. A typical cross-section of reinforced or prestressed concrete multicell box Girder Bridge consists of top and bottom slab (or flange) connected monolithically by vertical webs (or stem) to form a cellular or box-like structure.
The use of box girder bridges in modern highway has become increasingly popular because of its stability, high torsional resistance, economy, aesthetic appearance and structural efficiency [Jawanjal and Kumar, 2006; Scordelis, 1967]. Additionally the hollow section of a box girder bridge can be used to accommodate services [Ugale et. al., 2006]. Thin-walled box girder bridges have proven to be very efficient structural solution for medium to long-span bridges (Huang et. al., 1995). The advent of prestressing increased the practical length for box girder bridges and also permitted considerably thinner structures. Span as much as 240m has already been completed and it is expected that longer spans may be achieved in future (Degenkolb, 1977). Good examples of curved and straight box girders are shown in Figs. 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6.
Analytically, however, thin-walled box girder bridge has proved to be a very complex indeterminate problem. Fundamental contributions to the general solutions were given by Vlasov (1961a, 1961b, and 1965). Since then, a lot of analytical and experimental studies on the static, dynamic, and stability analyses of thin-walled box girders has been presented in journals by many other researchers (Wasti and Scordelis, 2000; Chen, 2002; Wu et al., 2002; Sung, 2002; Ricciardelli, 2003; Tandon, 2003; Choi and Yoo, 2004; Niezgodzinski and Kubiak, 2005; Sheng and Xin, 2005; Hughs and Idriss, 2006; Attanayake and Aktan, 2006; Vo
| Review project details | Comments |
|---|---|
| Number of Pages | 173 pages |
| Chapter one (1) | Yes Introduction |
| Chapter two (2) | Yes Literature review |
| Chapter three (3) | Yes methodology |
| Chapter four (4) | Yes Data analysis |
| Chapter five (5) | Yes Summary,discussion & recommendations |
| Reference | Yes Reference |
| Questionnaire | Yes Questionnaire |
| Appendix | yes Appendix |
| Chapter summary | yes 1 to 5 chapters |
| Available document | PDF and MS-word format |
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