CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
Background to the Study
Exercise motivation has appeared as one of the concepts identified in ensuring and promoting regular participation in physical activity or physical exercise in recent times. Since the past three decades, efforts to generate a substantial amount of research concerning exercise motivation have been on the increase. This is because emphasis has shifted from provision of new exercise methods and machines to finding ways to improve exercise adherence. Research has shown that lack of physical activity is one of the most significant poor lifestyle concerns of our society (Daniel & Gould, 2004). The US Department of Health and Human Services Report (1996) revealed inadequate participation in health enhancing physical activity, particularly among adults. Study by Higgins (2004) revealed that at age 12 years individuals’ engagement in physical activity is up to 70 per cent and then when they are 21 years of age their engagement in physical activity will have dropped to 40%.There also exists a body of evidence (e.g Robert & Daniel, 2007) that 30 per cent of adult do not engage in any form of exercise or physical activity that can serve as alternative to exercise. Recent statistics from Australia and Canada reveals that not up to 20 per cent of adult men and women achieve the recommended 150 minutes per week of moderate to rigorous physical activity recommended by health experts (Colley, 2004). Research has indicated high levels of physical inactivity among adults and children in Africa. In addition, it was projected that chronic diseases as a result of physical inactivity will be a leading cause of death by the year 2015 and that up to 44 per cent of women will be overweight by the year 2016.These trends are more complex in the urban areas as technological advancement and general lifestyle in the urban areas hardly supports physical activity, hence the need for adequate engagement in exercise.
Exercise has been conceptualized in diverse ways. It is typically conceived of as a subset of leisure-time behavior involving repeated bodily movements in planned and structured physical activities designed to maintain or improve physical fitness (Bouchard Blair & Haskell 2007). The US Institute of Health (2003), defined exercise as “physical activity that is a planned structured and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness or achieve health goals”. Similarly, American College of Sports and Medicine (2005) defined exercise as including all physical activities that generates forces by disruption of homeostatic state. From the foregoing definitions, exercise means a form of physical activity which people participate in purposefully. It is usually planned, structured, organized or
| Project details | Contents |
|---|---|
| Number of Pages | 124 pages |
| Chapter one | Introduction |
| Chapter two | Literature review |
| Chapter three | methodology |
| Chapter four | Data analysis |
| Chapter five | Summary,discussion & recommendations |
| Reference | Reference |
| Questionnaire | Questionnaire |
| Appendix | Appendix |
| Chapter summary | 1 to 5 chapters |
| Available document | PDF and MS-word format |
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